Lower leg pain, including the shin and calf, can be caused by a variety of conditions such as muscle cramps, bone fractures, venous thromboembolism, chronic venous insufficiency, and tendonitis. Muscle cramps are a frequent occurrence in the calf muscles and can cause mild twitching or severe pain that lasts from seconds to minutes. Factors such as fatigue, dehydration, changes in electrolyte levels, and certain medical conditions can lead to muscle cramps.
Tendonitis is inflammation of the tendon sheath that causes increasing pain, swelling, and stiffness in the calf or heel. Stress fractures are small breaks in bones that are common in the lower leg, especially in athletes who engage in high-impact sports. Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot in a vein in the lower leg that can cause severe pain and may lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when faulty valves in the leg veins disrupt blood flow, leading to pain, swelling
