In recent years, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued multiple warnings about invasive meningococcal cases caused by Neisseria bacteria. These cases have been on the rise and are now affecting middle-aged people, marking a significant shift from the past when the disease primarily targeted infants and teenagers. The latest warning comes after the Virginia Department of Health confirmed five deaths from severe meningococcal disease, with a higher death rate than typically seen in these cases.
Last year, the US recorded 422 cases of meningococcal disease, resulting in at least 17 deaths, the highest number since 2014. Since the beginning of this year, 143 cases have been reported, indicating a potential increase in cases through 2023. Patients affected are mainly between 30 and 60 years old, black people, and individuals with HIV.
Symptoms of meningitis include fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia, and nausea. However, many recent cases have presented without these symptoms. Instead, two-thirds of patients have had sepsis, and 4% have experienced joint pain and infection. The disease progresses rapidly and becomes life-threatening within hours if left untreated.
Neisseria meningitidis bacteria are spread through respiratory and throat secretions during close contact such as kissing or sneezing. The disease can lead to blood infection with symptoms like chills, fatigue, and a dark purple rash in later stages. There are four strains of meningococcal bacteria in the US; recent cases were caused by strain ST-1466 belonging to subgroup Y.
Fortunately, there is a vaccine available to prevent bacterial meningococcal disease that is recommended for children aged 11 to 12 with a booster dose at age 16. Individuals with underlying medical conditions are also encouraged to get vaccinated. Healthcare providers must be vigilant about these cases and educate patients on how to prevent the spread of Neisseria bacteria by practicing good hygiene such as covering their mouths when coughing or sneezing.
In conclusion, it is crucial that individuals understand the risks associated with invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria bacteria and take necessary precautions to prevent its spread. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on how to recognize symptoms early on so that they can seek immediate medical attention before it’s too late.
