Infertility is a prevalent issue among couples of reproductive age worldwide, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting that 15% of such couples are affected. Genetic disorders play a significant role in this condition for both women and men.
For women, genetic conditions like Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequently linked to infertility. Girls with Turner syndrome may experience primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) due to altered X chromosomes. Structural abnormalities in the reproductive system, such as a septated uterus, can also contribute to infertility and miscarriages in women.
Male fertility can also be affected by genetic disorders, with Klinefelter syndrome and Y chromosome microdeletion syndrome being common causes of infertility. These conditions can impact sperm production and result in poor sperm quality. Genetic factors can also affect the structure of the male reproductive system, impairing sperm production and transport.
Fortunately, various treatment options are available for individuals with infertility due to genetic conditions. Surgery may be recommended to address structural changes in the reproductive system, while hormone balancing therapy can help individuals with Kallmann syndrome conceive. Assisted reproductive methods like IUI, IVF, and ICSI are often used when natural conception is not possible, with pre-implantation genetic testing helping to select healthy embryos for transfer to increase the chances of successful conception.
In conclusion, genetic disorders play a crucial role in infertility for both women and men. However, there are various treatment options available that can help individuals overcome this condition and achieve their desired outcome of parenthood.